Choosing the right golf ball can be confusing, especially with so many options available. If you’re wondering, “What golf ball should I use?”, this guide will break down the different types, materials, and characteristics of golf balls to help you make the best choice for your game.

Golf Ball Material and Classification

Classification by Anatomy

1. Single-Layer Ball (One-Piece Ball)

This type of ball is also known as a one-piece ball. It is typically used for practice or at driving ranges. The ball is made from hard rubber and is coated with paint.

2. Two-Layer Ball (Two-Piece Ball)

The two-layer ball is the most commonly used type. The core is surrounded by a hard rubber or plastic shell, or a mix of materials (the exact formula is often kept secret), typically about 1 millimeter thick.
Two-layer balls exhibit various characteristics, such as durability, resistance, hardness, color, and dimples, which affect ball height, distance, and roll.
Historically, the two-layer ball was known as a “distance ball” due to its long flight distance. It produces less backspin, higher speed, and a firm feel when struck. Modern two-layer balls, however, can be made with advanced materials for high performance, often preferred by PGA tour players. Most golf balls that prioritize distance or durability are made using this design.

3. Three-Layer Ball (Three-Piece Ball)

The three-layer ball features a rubber or plastic core, wrapped with a liquid-filled bladder, and a thin rubber casing, often encased by a rubber or resin shell.
This construction allows high-level golfers to control the ball more easily and gives a more tactile feel when hitting. Three-layer balls are preferred by players who prioritize spin and a softer feel, although they may sacrifice distance. The design has improved flight speed and resistance over the years.

4. Multi-Layer Ball

Multi-layer balls are designed to provide the best results for any swing force. The core maximizes distance with a driver, while the middle layer is adapted for higher-powered shots with an iron. The outer shell provides the best feel and spin for short shots, chips, and putts.
New designs incorporate metals like titanium, tungsten, and magnesium to enhance strength and redistribute weight. Professional golfers often humorously wish that the hole contained a magnet to attract these “metal balls.”

Classification by Performance

1. Spin Balls

Spin balls are designed to increase spin, often featuring a three-layer structure. The core is wrapped with rubber fibers (containing the highest-spinning liquid), and the outer layer is made of a thin, soft resin material. These balls offer better control around the hole but don’t fly as far as distance balls.

2. Distance Balls

Distance balls feature a harder, more durable shell and a solid core. Most of these are two-layer designs. The combination of a hard composite core and a rigid shell allows the ball to fly longer distances and be highly durable. However, these balls tend to produce less spin, which can limit control and stability around the green.

Classification by Hardness

1. Hardness 90-105

Golf balls come in various hardness levels, with the hardness increasing as the number rises. Professional golfers typically use balls in this hardness range (90-105). The hardness ratings most commonly used are: 105 (extra hard), 100 (hard), or 95 (medium hard).

2. Hardness 80-90

Intermediate players, especially younger or less experienced players, may prefer balls in this range. These balls are easier to hit and offer better control. Higher hardness balls may lead to more erratic flight and less control, as the clubface has less time to interact with the ball.

3. Hardness 70

These balls are ideal for beginners or high-handicap players. The hardness level is flexible and based on the player’s age, strength, and skill level. The performance difference across different hardness levels from the same brand is minimal; the main difference is in the feel.

How to Choose a Golf Ball

In 1990, a standard was set for golf balls: they must weigh no more than 45.93 grams and have a diameter of no less than 42.67 millimeters. Prior to 1989, golf balls were typically 41.15 millimeters in diameter. The dimples on the ball’s surface help reduce air resistance, allowing the ball to travel farther.

1. Consider Your Swing

When selecting a golf ball, consider factors like flight distance, spin, clubface impact speed, and flight trajectory, and choose a ball that fits your swing. For example:

  • Single-layer balls are generally used for practice or driving ranges.
  • Two-layer balls are the most common, offering a balance of distance and durability.

2. Focus on Hardness

The first key consideration when choosing a ball is its hardness. Just like golf clubs, balls come in different hardness levels, and you should choose one that suits your physical strength. Manufacturers typically mark the hardness of the ball, often indicated by colors:

  • Black for the hardest
  • Red for the next hardest
  • Blue for medium hardness
  • Green balls are softer, often designed for women, and may be a good choice for players still refining their skills.
    Additionally, hardness varies with the season—balls tend to get harder in winter and softer in summer. So in winter, you might choose a softer ball, and in summer, a harder ball.

3. Test the Ball’s Elasticity

To test a ball’s elasticity, drop it from a height of about 150 cm (neck height for a person who is 180 cm tall) onto a flat surface (such as marble, tile, or cement). Observe how it bounces.

4. Stability

Check whether the ball bounces consistently in the same direction. If it doesn’t, the ball may lack stability.

5. Softness

Listen to the sound when the ball hits the ground. A hard ball creates a sharp sound, while a softer ball produces a muffled sound.

6. Durability

Test used balls by listening to their bounce. New balls produce a consistent sound, but used balls may produce irregular sounds as their internal structure weakens. You can also visually inspect the ball for punctures or loss of bounce to determine its durability.